探析以专业需求为基础的高职应用写作教学论文

1 高职应用写作教学改革的原则

1 Principles of the Reform of Writing Teaching Reform of Higher Vocational Application

1.1 “实践、专业”原则

1.1 "Practice, Professional" principle

现在很多学生片面地认为，学好专业课，掌握专业技能就能找到一份好工作，其他学科在实际中用不着，学不学不重要，从而导致缺乏学习动力。这就需要帮助学生找到应用写作和专业学科之间的联系，了解这门课程与专业实践之间的关系，认清应用写作的学习对自身实际工作能力提升的重要性。教学中，教师要根据学生所学专业适当举一些应用实例，发现应用写作在解决实际问题中的作用，抓住学生的求知欲望，引导学生学习的积极性，增强学习的主动性。

Many students now believe that learning professional courses and mastering professional skills can find a good job. Other disciplines are not used in actual situations, and it is not important to learn or not, which leads to lack of learning motivation.This requires students to find the connection between application writing and professional disciplines, understand the relationship between this course and professional practice, and recognize the importance of the learning of application writing to the improvement of their actual work ability.In teaching, teachers should appropriately use some application examples according to the major of students, and find that application writing has the role of solving practical problems, grasping students 'desire for knowledge, guiding students' enthusiasm for learning, and enhancing the initiative of learning.

1.2 “必须、够用”原则

1.2 The principle of "must, enough"

应用写作教学的目的在于提高高职学生的综合素质，增强其就业竞争力和职业能力。因此，要求应用写作教学中必须满足这个原则。一是必须，在应用写作教学内容选取上，必须结合学生的专业需求，必须符合系统性与完整性，必须体现实用性和服务性。二是够用，这里的够用主要是指学生能够用自己学到的知识解决生活和工作中的相关问题，这样才能更好地体现应用写作的实用性与服务性，更能激发学生的学习兴趣，从而不断提高高职应用写作的专业化水平。

The purpose of applying writing teaching is to improve the comprehensive quality of higher vocational students and enhance their employment competitiveness and professional ability.Therefore, this principle is required to meet the application of writing teaching.The first is that in terms of application of writing teaching content, it is necessary to combine the professional needs of students. It must meet systemicity and integrity, and must reflect practicality and service.The second is enough. The enough use here mainly means that students can solve related problems in life and work with their knowledge, so as to better reflect the practicality and service of application writing, and to stimulate students' learningInterests, thereby continuously improve the professional level of higher vocational application writing.

1.3 “应用，实用”原则

1.3 "Application, Practical" principle

应用写作最大的特点在于其实用性，所以，在教学中时刻要注意到这一点，应用文的写作一定要从实际出发，在写作之前就要确立其实用性，明确这一点，才能够起到调动学生积极性、主动性的作用，应用写作教学的目的才能达到。随着我国高等教育的深入推广，越来越多的高学历人才出现在各个行业的职位中，有较强的沟通能力和写作能力是新时代对职场人的要求。而高职教育的目的就是要使学生练就这一身表达自己的技能，在校大学生应具备哪些应用文种，应该学习怎样的语言知识以适应就业需求，这是每一位应用写作教师在思考的问题，这需要教师利用自己的社会资源与社会上各行各业的专家新型沟通交流，了解时下最经常用的应用问题，在教学的时候，可以采用实际案例进行课堂宣讲，真正的做到理论与实际相结合的教学，或者直接让学生进行某个职位的应用写作练习，学以致用。

The biggest feature of application writing is that it is practical. Therefore, it is necessary to notice this at all times. The purpose of students' enthusiasm and initiative can the purpose of writing teaching can be achieved. With the in -depth promotion of higher education in my country, more and more highly educated talents appear in the positions of various industries. It has strong communication ability and writing ability is the requirements of the workplace in the new era. The purpose of higher vocational education is to enable students to practice their skills on this body. What applied texts should be applied to college students and what kind of language knowledge should be learned to meet the employment needs. This is what each application writer is thinking about thinking The question, this requires teachers to use their social resources to communicate with experts from all walks of life in the society, and understand the most commonly used applications now. When teaching, they can use practical cases to give classroom preaching. The combination of actual teaching, or directly allows students to perform application writing exercises for a certain position, and learn to use it.

2 高职应用写作教学改革的.策略

2 Higher Vocational Application Writing Teaching Reform. Strategy

2.1 树立为专业服务思想

2.1 Establishing the idea of professional service

“基础为专业服务”，毫无疑问，应用写作教学要为学生的专业学习服务。要针对不同专业进行针对性教学，在学生专业素质和专业能力提高方面发挥其服务功能，不断调整应用写作课堂教学方式方法，使应用写作教学向生活化转变，以达到培养高素质技能型人才的培养目标。应用文文种众多，包括公文、事务文书、经济文书、司法文书、礼仪文书和新闻等，涉及面广。要在有限的教学时间内给学生传授如此多的内容并要求学生掌握，是不太可能的。高职应用写作教学应根据确定的教学目、教学目标、结合学生实际需要，改革教学内容，做到有的放矢。结合不同专业，改革教学内容。

"Basic service is professional service", there is no doubt that applying writing teaching should serve students' professional learning.We must conduct targeted teaching for different majors, exert their service functions in the improvement of students' professional quality and professional ability, and constantly adjust the application of application writing classroom teaching methods to transform application writing teaching to life to achieve the cultivation of high -quality skill -type talents.Training objectives.There are many types of texts, including official documents, affairs documents, economic documents, judicial documents, etiquette documents and news, etc., which involve a wide range of.It is unlikely to teach students so much content to students within a limited teaching time and ask students to master it.Higher vocational application writing teaching should be targeted according to the determined teaching meters, teaching goals, and the actual needs of students to reform.Combined with different majors, reform teaching content.

2.2 构建科学的教学体系

2.2 Construction of a scientific teaching system

教学体系对教学质量的提高起着至关重要的作用，高职应用写作在教学过程上也应建立科学的教学体系。从课程内容入手，加强教学内容的针对性，不断改革教学方式，积极发挥学生在教学中的主导作用，不断提高应用写作服务专业的水平。

The teaching system plays a vital role in the improvement of the quality of teaching. In the teaching process of higher vocational application writing, higher vocational application writing should also establish a scientific teaching system.Start with the content of the curriculum, strengthen the pertinence of teaching content, continuously reform the teaching methods, actively play the leading role of students in teaching, and continuously improve the level of application writing services.

①教学内容符合专业需求。应用文在实践中产生，并为解决具体的实践问题服务的，应随着实践活动的不同而不同。目前应用写作除了经济、文秘等少数专业外，多使用通用教材，这就要求教师从不同专业需要出发，围绕人才培养目标和教学任务，科学、合理筛选和整合教学内容。首先做到突出基础性、突出重点。在日常生活工作中，学生常接触到的如通知、计划、总结、调查报告、演讲辞、申请书等，这些文种因其常用，教学中要精讲多练，理论与实践性结合，帮助学生熟练掌握。而对于使用频率较低的命令、议案等文种，只做一般性了解即可。其次要针对学生的专业特点取舍和梳理教学内容。应用写作课要围绕培养学生职业能力的要求，这就决定了应用写作课程要以学生的专业及培养目标作为依据选择教学内容，包括理论知识、例文选择、练习题的设计都应尽可能紧扣学生实际选择相应的专业文种，比如经济贸易专业的学生侧重经济文书写作，法学专业的学生侧重法律文书写作，文秘专业的学生侧重秘书写作等等。

① Teaching content meets professional needs. In practice, and serving specific practical problems, it should be different from the different practical problems. At present, in addition to a small number of majors such as economy and secrets, the use of general teaching materials is mostly required to start from different majors to start from different majors to focus on talent training goals and teaching tasks, scientific, reasonable screening and integration of teaching content. First of all, to highlight the foundation and focus. In daily life, students often come into contact with notifications, plans, summary, investigation reports, lectures, Application , etc. These types of texts are commonly used. The combination of theory and practicality helps students to master. For the lower frequency of commands, motion and other types, you can just understand it. Secondly, the professional characteristics of students should be used for the professional characteristics and sorting the teaching content. Application writing courses should focus on cultivating students 'professional ability, which determines that application writing courses should choose teaching content based on the students' professionalism and training goals, including theoretical knowledge, example selection, and the design of exercise questions. Students actually choose the corresponding professional literature, such as students of economic and trade majors focusing on the writing of economic calligraphy, the students of the law of law, focusing on the writing of legal script, and the secretary of the secretary of the secretary.

②教学方法有利能力提高。要改革单一的、僵化的应用写作“三步走”式课堂教学，“三步式”教学从传授理论知识开讲，包括一些概念、特点、结构写法及注意事项等;第二步在教师指导下分析典型文案;第三步是写作训练。这种教学方法从模式看似乎很完美，但仍没能改变教师的主体地位，“填”感很强，偏重理论讲授而实践训练比重小。应用写作教师必须从以传授知识讲授为主的教学思想和方法中解放出来，努力成为“看客”“导学者”，确立注重开发学生的智力和动手动脑能力的方向，给学生以方法智慧，教会学生在现代化教学观念影响下学习。因此，教师应该作为启发者、引导者、参与者，把学习中智力活动的任务交给学生，引导学生主动探索，尽可能独立完成学习任务。

② The favorable ability of teaching methods is improved.It is necessary to reform a single, rigid application writing "three -step" classroom teaching.Analyze typical copywriting; the third step is writing training.This teaching method seems to be perfect from the model, but it has not been able to change the teacher's main position. The sense of "filling" is very strong.Application and writing teachers must be liberated from the teaching ideas and methods mainly teaching knowledge teaching, and strive to become a "viewer" and "guidance scholar".Students learn under the influence of modern teaching concepts.Therefore, teachers should give students the tasks of intellectual activities in learning as inspiration, guidance, and participants, guide students to take the initiative to explore, and complete the learning tasks as much as possible.

③考核评价方式促进自主学习。评价方式从某种程度上决定了教学的方式。职业学校教育相比传统的学历教育，在教与学的过程中更加强调学生在教学中的主体地位，强调发展学生智力和培养学生的能力。传统的评价方式为平时、期中、期末三部分组成，大体上评价学生水平，但缺乏为专业服务的特点，这就要求教师在考核评价的过程中，不断与学生专业结合，改变一张卷纸定乾坤的方法，灵活考核方式。比如，经济类专业考核要求学生进行市场调查后写作市场调查报告;建筑专业要求学生根据材料写作工程建设立项申请;护理专业要求学生写作病例记录等，使学生具备走上工作岗位后必不可少的基本写作能力。

③ Evaluation and evaluation methods promote independent learning.The evaluation method determines the teaching method to some extent.Compared with the traditional education education, vocational school education emphasizes the main position of students in teaching in the process of teaching and learning, emphasizing the development of students' intelligence and training students.The traditional evaluation method is composed of three parts: normal, mid -term, and final. It is generally evaluated the level of student level, but lacks the characteristics of service for professionalism.The method of determining the Qiankun, flexible assessment method.For example, the assessment of economic majors requires students to conduct market research reports after market research; construction majors require students to apply for the construction of project construction projects based on material writing; nursing majors require students to write cases to make students' writing cases, etc.Basic writing ability.

2.3 提高教材为专业服务水平

2.3 Improve textbooks for professional services

高职教育是新兴的教育模式，其人才培养又不同于普通高等学校，所以在教材的选择上，要针对高职教育的特点及各专业的人才培养模型，科学编写具有针对性的校本教材。针对不同专业所对应的职业岗位群对应用写作辅助情况的需求，设定教学内容。教材是教学内容的基础，必须努力提高相关教材的质量，利用与专业教师交流、企业岗位沟通等有效途径，不断提高教材为专业服务的内容比重，教师可以根据学生需要，编写与专业相适应的校本教材，努力提高高职毕业生就业能力和职业水平。

Higher vocational education is an emerging education model, and its talent training is different from ordinary colleges and universities. Therefore, in terms of the selection of textbooks, we must scientifically write targeted school -based textbooks for the characteristics of higher vocational education and talent training models of various majors.In order to set the teaching content of the application of professional post groups corresponding to the application of application writing.Textbooks are the basis of teaching content. We must strive to improve the quality of related textbooks. Use effective ways to communicate with professional teachers and corporate post communication to continuously improve the proportion of textbooks as professional content. Teachers can write and adapt to professional adaptation according to students' needs according to the needs of students.School -based textbooks, strive to improve the employment ability and occupation level of higher vocational graduates.

综上，现代社会所需的劳动者更加侧重专业技能，因此，如何使高职应用写作教学为专业课教学服务，成为一个重要的课题。在应用写作教学过程中，只有围绕培养目标不断地改革，开展针对性的研究工作，把最新的研究成果应用到教学及写作实践中，适时调整教学计划，突出重点、难点，突出专业特点，才能从根本上提高应用写作教学质量，改变当前教学的低效性，从而实现应用写作为专业服务的目标，培养出适应现代化社会需要的技能型应用人才。

In summary, the workers needed by modern society focus on professional skills. Therefore, how to make higher vocational application writing teaching services for professional courses has become an important topic.In the process of application writing teaching, only by continuously reforming the training goals, carrying out targeted research work, applying the latest research results to teaching and writing practice, adjust the teaching plan in a timely manner, highlight the key points, difficulties, and the characteristics of professional characteristics, can we onlyFundamentally improve the quality of application writing teaching, change the inefficientness of the current teaching, so as to achieve the goal of application writing as a professional service, and cultivate skill -oriented talents that meet the needs of modern society.

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