艺考文学常识试题及答案

无论在学习或是工作中，我们都可能会接触到试题，借助试题可以检测考试者对某方面知识或技能的掌握程度。大家知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？下面是小编收集整理的2020艺考文学常识试题及答案，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

Whether in studying or work, we may be exposed to the test questions. With the help of the test questions, we can detect the Test .Do you know what kind of test questions are the good test questions?Below is a compiled 2020 art test questions and answers collected and sorted out. Welcome everyone to learn from and reference, I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

一、填空(每题0.5分，共90个空。)

1. Fill in the blanks (0.5 points per question, 90 empty.)

1.魏晋南北朝时期的文学批评和理论获得了空前的成就，主要论著有曹丕的《典论·论文》、陆机的《文赋》、刘勰的《文心雕龙》、钟嵘的《诗品》。

1. The literary criticism and theory of the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties have achieved unprecedented achievements. The main discussions include Cao Yu's "Classics and Paper", Lu Ji's "Wen Fu", Liu Ye's "Wen Xin Eagle Dragon", Zhong Yan's "Poetry.

2.晋代著名的“竹林七贤”是指嵇康、阮籍、山涛、向秀、刘伶、王戎、阮咸。

2. The famous "Bamboo Forest Seven Sages" in the Jin Dynasty refers to Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Shan Tao, Xiangxiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Ruan Xian.

3.“唐宋八大家”指的是韩愈、柳宗元、苏轼、苏洵、苏辙、欧阳修、王安石、曾巩。

3. "Eight Tang and Song dynasties" refers to Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong.

4.宋代话本分为小说、讲史、讲经和说浑话等四类。

4. The Song Dynasty is divided into four categories: novels, historical history, scriptures, and speaking.

5.元杂剧中的四大悲剧是指关汉卿的《窦娥冤》、马致远的《汉宫秋》、白朴的《梧桐雨》、和纪君祥的《赵氏孤儿》，《赵氏孤儿》被誉为“雪里梅花”。

5. The four major tragedies in the Yuan Miscellaneous Drama refer to Guan Hanqing's "Dou Enegly", Ma Zhiyuan's "Han Palace Autumn", Bai Pu's "Indus Rain", and Ji Junxiang's "Zhao's Orphan", "Zhao's Orphan"Known as "Snow Plum Blossom".

6.元杂剧的四大爱情剧指关汉卿的《拜月亭》、王实甫的《西厢记.、白朴的《墙头马上》和郑光祖的《倩女离魂》。

6. The four major love dramas of the Yuan Zi Refining Guan Hanqing's "Baying Moon Pavilion", Wang Shifu's "West Chamber." Bai Pu's "Wall Halway" and Zheng Guangzu's "Qian Nu Li Soul".

7.明代拟话本的代表作品“三言”、“二拍”分别指《喻世明言》、《警世通言》、《醒世恒言》和《初刻拍案惊奇》、《二刻拍案惊奇》。

7. The representative works of the Ming Dynasty "Three Words" and "Two Shooting" refers to "Yu Shizhi's Words", "Alert World Words", "Wake -ups" and "The Surprise of the first filming", "Two -minute filming case"Amazing.

8.我国晚清的四大谴责小说是指李宝嘉(李伯元)的《官场现形记》、吴沃尧(吴研人)的《二十年目睹之怪现状》、刘鹗的《老残游记》、曾朴的《孽海花》。

8. The four condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty in our country refer to Li Baojia (Li Boyuan) 's "Official Form", Wu Woyao (Wu Yanren )'s "The Strange Story of the Twenty Years", Liu Ye's "Old Capital Journey", Zeng Pu"Evil Sea Blossom".

9.在我国，最早提出“人的文学”理论的学者是周作人，他为此发表了《人的文学》、《平民文学》等著名理论文章。

9. In our country, the earliest scholar who proposed the theory of "human literature" was Zhou Zuoren. He published famous theoretical articles such as "Human Literature" and "Civilian Literature".

10.我国第一部显示新文学运动实质的小说是鲁迅的《狂人日记》。

10. The first novel in my country that shows the essence of the new literature movement is Lu Xun's "Madman Diary ".

11.闻一多是杰出的爱国诗人，有诗集《红烛》、《死水》，他与徐志摩都曾是新月派的诗人。

11. Wen Yiduo is an outstanding patriotic poet, with poems "Red Candle" and "Dead Water". He and Xu Zhimo were both poets of the Crescent.

12.五四时期，新文学社团和流派蜂起，其中最有代表性的是文学研究会和创造社，创作主张分别为“为人生”和“为艺术”。

12. During the May 4th period, the new literature community and genre beekeepers started. The most representative of which was the Literature Research Society and Creation Society. The creative claims were "for life" and "for art".

13.矛盾的“蚀”三部曲指《幻灭》、《动摇》、《追求》，“农村三部曲”指《春蚕》、《秋收》、《残冬》

13. The contradiction's "erosion" trilogy refers to "Disposity", "Shaking", "Pursuit", "Rural Trilogy" refers to "Spring Silkworm", "Autumn Harvest", "Winter"

14.40年代在国统区出现了两个重要文学流派，它们是七月派和九叶诗派。

In the 140s, two important literary schools appeared in the National Tong District, which were in July and Jiuye Poetry School.

16.《女神》是郭沫若的第一本诗集，也是中国现代新诗史上具有划时代意义的作品，是中国现代文学史上新诗与旧诗的真正分界。

16. "Goddess" is Guo Moruo's first collection of poems, and it is also an epoch -making work in the history of modern Chinese new poems. It is the true boundary between the new poems and old poems in the history of modern literature in Chinese.

17.被称为“现代小说之父”的中国小说家是郁先生，代表作品有《沉沦》、《春风沉醉的晚上》等。

17. The Chinese novelist, known as the "Father of Modern Novels", is Mr. Yu. The representative works include "Sinking" and "Spring Breeze".

18.我国现代文学史上第一部长篇小说是叶圣陶的《倪焕之》。

18. The first novel in the history of modern literature in my country was Ye Shengtao's "Ni Huanzhi".

19.“两结合”的创作方法指革命的现实主义和革命的浪漫主义的结合。

19. The creative method of "two combinations" refers to the combination of the realism of the revolution and the romanticism of the revolution.

20.许多少数民族都有自己的民族史诗，如藏族的《格萨尔王》、蒙古族的《嘎达梅林》、壮族的《阿诗玛》等。

20. Many ethnic minorities have their own national epic, such as the Tibetan "King Gesar", the Mongolian "Gadammelin", and the Zhuang "Ashma".

21.50年代的文坛上的三大散文家是杨朔、秦牧和刘白羽。

The three major essays in the literary world of the 21st 1950s were Yang Shuo, Qin Mu and Liu Baiyu.

22.“朦胧诗”派的代表人物有北岛、舒婷、顾城、江河等人。

22. The representatives of the "hazy poetry" faction include North Island, Shu Ting, Gu Cheng, Jianghe and others.

23.《神曲》为意大利著名作家但丁所著，主要分为《地狱》、《炼狱》和《天堂》三部分，因作品全面反映了中世纪的社会生活和文化，有“中世纪史诗”之称。

23. "Divine Comedy" is a well -known Italian writer, Ding Ding, which is mainly divided into three parts: "Hell", "Purgurm" and "Paradise". Because the works fully reflect the social life and culture of medieval century, it is known as the "medieval epic"Essence

24.堂吉诃德被称为是“愁容骑士”与“忧郁王子”，哈姆雷特成为不朽的艺术经典，他们分别是塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》和莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中的主人公。

24. Don Quixote is known as the "Sorrow Knight" and "Survival Prince". Hamlet has become an immortal art classic.Essence

25.德国古典主义的代表作家是歌德和席勒，代表作品分别是《浮士德》和《阴谋与爱情》。

25. The representative writers of German classicalism are Goethe and Schiller, and their works are "Faust" and "Conspiracy and Love".

26.巴尔扎克是法国著名的文学家，代表作品是《人间喜剧》。

26. Balzak is a famous French writer and his representative work is "Earth Comedy".

27.《死魂灵》和《钦差大臣》是俄国批判现实主义作家果戈理的代表作品。

27. "Dead Soul" and "Minister of the Missing" are representative works of Russia who criticize realist writers Guo Geli.

28.陀思妥耶夫斯基的代表作品是《罪与罚》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》等。

28. The representative works of Dostoevsky are "Sin and Punishment" and "Brother Karamazov".

29.“自然主义”的代表人物是左拉。

29. The representative of "naturalism" is Zara.

30.外国“意识流”小说的代表有乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、普鲁斯特的《追忆逝水年华》。

30. The representatives of foreign "conscious flow" novels include Joyce's "Yulisis" and Prosrto's "Remembrance to the Year of the Water".

31.《荒原》的作者是美国的爱略特，《恶之花》的作者是法国的波德莱尔。

31. The author of "The Wilderness" is the American Ai Luete, and the author of "Flowers of Evil" is France's Podlaire.

32.挪威剧作家易卜生的代表作品是《玩偶之家》，爱尔兰剧作家萧伯纳剧作中唯一的悲剧是《圣女贞德》。

32. Norwegian drama writer Ibon's representative work is "Home of Dolls". The only tragedy in the Irish drama writer Xiao Bernard's drama is "Saint Joan".

33.泰戈尔被称为印度的“诗圣”，他是获得诺贝尔文学奖的第一个东方作家，他的代表作品是《吉檀迦利》、《飞鸟集》、《戈拉》。

33. Tagore is known as the "Poetic Saint" of India. He is the first Oriental writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature. His representative works are "Jitana", "Flying Bird Collection", and "Gula".

34.福楼拜有“写实小说家”之称，他的代表作品是《包法利夫人》，莫泊桑被称为“欧洲短篇小说之王”，他的长篇小说代表作是《漂亮朋友》、《羊脂球》。

34. Flou worships the "real novelist". His representative works are "Mrs. Bao Fali". Mo Pangsan is known as the "King of European Short Story". His long -story masterpieces are "Beautiful Friends", "Sheep fat ball.

35.法国作家罗曼.罗兰的代表作品是《约翰·克里斯朵夫》，他是以贝多芬为原型写了一个平民音乐家奋斗的一生。

35. French writer Roman Roland's representative work is "John Chrisdov". He wrote a life of a civilian musician with Beethoven as a prototype.

36.《秃头歌女》的上演标志着荒诞派戏剧的诞生。

36. The stage of "Bald Song Girl" marks the birth of absurd drama.

37.荒诞派戏剧作家贝克特的代表作品是《等待戈多》。

37. The representative work of the absurd drama writer Beckett is "Waiting for Goto".

38.魔幻现实主义作家马尔克斯的代表作是《百年孤独》。

38. Magic realist writer Malx's masterpiece is "Centennial Solitude".

39.古巴比伦的史诗是《吉尔伽美什史诗》，古印度的史诗是《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》。

39. The epic of Cuba Babylon is "The epic of Gilgamesh", and the epic of ancient India is "Ramayana" and "Capricorn Bibolo".

40.俄国批判现实主义作家契诃夫的戏剧作品有《海鸥》、《万尼亚舅舅》、《伊凡诺夫》、《三姊妹》、《樱桃园》等。

40. Russia's critical realist writer Chekhov's theater works include "Seagull", "Wannia", "Ivanov", "Three Sisters", "Cherry Garden" and so on.

二、名词解释(每题4分，共5个小题。)

2. Noun explanation (4 points per question, a total of 5 small questions.)

1.建安(196~220)风骨

1. Jian'an (196 ~ 220) wind bone

建安风骨是以曹氏父子为中心形成的文人集团所表现出的共同的文学倾向，是建安诗歌的独特风格，强烈个性，具有浓郁的悲剧色彩，展现了东汉末年动荡的时代，形成了慷慨激昂、刚健有力的诗歌风格，所以被称为“建安风骨”，代表人物主要有“三曹”“七子”和蔡琰等

Jian'anfeng Bone is a common literary tendency shown by the literati group formed by Cao's father and son. It is a unique style of Jian'an poetry, strong personality, and strong tragedy.The strong and powerful poetry style, so it is called "Jian'an Feng Bone". The main characters are "San Cao", "Seven Sons" and Cai Yan

2.花间词派

2. Flower Words

花间词派是晚唐五代奉温庭筠为鼻祖而进行词的创作的一个文人词牌，产生于西蜀得名于赵崇祚编辑的《花间集》。主要的词人还有孙光宪、李珣、牛希济。这一词派题材狭窄、情致单调。大都以婉约的表达手法，写女性的美貌和服饰以及他们的离愁别恨。在这些词中描绘景物富丽意象繁多构图华美、刻画工细，能唤起读者的视觉、听觉、嗅觉的美感。由于注重锤炼文字、音韵，从而形成隐约迷离幽深的意境。对后世的文人词产生，发展有一定的影响。

Huajian Words are a literati word card created by Wen Tingyu in the late Tang Dynasty and the Win Tingyu.The main poets are Sun Guangxian, Li Yan, Niu Xiji.This word is narrow and monotonous.Most of them write women's beauty and clothing and their sorrows and hate.In these words, the rich image of the scenery is gorgeous and portrayed, and the aesthetics of the reader's visual, hearing, and smell can evoke the reader's visual, hearing, and smell.Due to focusing on refining text and sound, it is a faint and deeper mood.It has a certain impact on the development of literati words in later generations.

3.意识流小说

3. Conscious flow novel

“意识流”是西方现代文学艺术中广为应用的写作技巧。是现代派小说的一个重要类型。意识流小说是二十世纪初兴起于西方、在现代哲学特别是现代心理学的基础上产生的小说类作品。意识流的概念最早是由美国心理学家威廉·詹姆斯提出的。意识流小说不是一个统一的文学流派，也没有公认的统一定义。特点是打破传统小说基本按故事情节发生的先后次序或是按情节之间的逻辑联系而形成的单一的、直线发展的结构，故事的叙述不是按时间顺序依次直线前进，而是随着人得意识活动，通过自由联想来组织故事。

"Consciousness" is a widely used writing technique in Western modern literature.It is an important type of modern novels.Conscious novels are novel works that have emerged from the West in the early 20th century and based on modern philosophy, especially modern psychology, especially modern psychology.The concept of consciousness was first proposed by American psychologist William James.Conscious novels are not a unified literary genre, and there is no recognized unified definition.It is characterized by breaking the order of the basics of the traditional novel based on the order of the storyline or the logic of the logic between the plot.Conscious activities organize stories through free association.

4.荒诞派戏剧

4. Absurdity drama

荒诞派戏剧是现代戏剧流派之一。它打破了传统戏剧的写作手法，创作了一批从内容到形式上别开生面的剧作。作品呈现在舞台上的形象是光怪陆离、荒诞不经。开始出现时受到批评界的冷遇，后来逐渐获得社会的承认，并被世界上不少的国家竞相上演。60年代初，英国著名戏剧理论家马丁·埃斯林在《荒诞派戏剧》一书中，给贝克特、尤内斯库等为首的这一流派定名为荒诞派戏剧。

The absurd drama is one of the modern drama genres.It broke the writing techniques of traditional drama and created a group of drama from content to form.The image presented on the stage is strange and absurd.At the beginning of the appearance, the cold encounter of the criticism community was gradually recognized by the society, and it was staged by many countries in the world.In the early 1960s, Martin Eslin, a well -known British drama theorist Martin Eslin, was named absurd drama in this book "Aurora".

5.三一律

5. Sanzhi

是西方戏剧结构理论之一，是一种关于戏剧结构的规则。先由文艺复兴时期意大利戏剧理论家提出，后由法国古典主义戏剧家确定和推行。三一律规定剧本创作必须遵守时间、地点、行动的`一致，即一部剧本只允许写单一的故事情节，戏剧行动必须发生在一天之内和一个地点。法国古典主义戏剧理论家布瓦洛把它解释为“要用一地、一天内完成的一个故事从开头直到末尾维持着舞台充实。优点是:剧情集中，紧凑。缺点是:人物类型化，千篇一律，千人一面。

It is one of the theories of Western drama structure and a rule on drama structure.It was first proposed by the Italian drama theorist during the Renaissance, and was later determined and implemented by the French classical drama.San Jifan stipulates that the creation of the script must comply with the consistency of time, place, and action, that is, a script only allows writing a single story plot, and the drama action must occur within a day and a place.French classical drama theorist Bvaro explained it as "a story that must be completed in one place and within a day to maintain the stage enrichment from the beginning to the end. The advantage is: concentration and compactness. The disadvantage is: character types, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same, the same is the same., Thousands of people.

三、简答(每题5分，共4个小题。)

Three, short answers (5 points for each question, a total of 4 small questions.)

1.从叙事艺术、人物形象塑造和语言艺术三个方面分析《史记》的文学成就。

1. Analyze the literary achievements of "Historical Records" from the three aspects of narrative art, character image creation and language art.

《史记》的叙事方式，基本上是第三人称的客观叙述。司马迁作为叙述者，几乎完全站在事件之外，只是在最后的“论赞”部分，才作为评论者直接登场，表示自己的看法。这种方式，为自如地展开叙述和设置场景提供了广阔的回旋余地。但是，所谓客观叙述，并不是不包含作者的立场和倾向，只是不显露出来而已。通过历史事件的展开，通过不同人物在其历史活动中的对比，实际也体现了叙述者的感情倾向。这就是前人所说的“寓褒贬于叙事之中”。这种含而不露的褒贬，是经由文学的感染来传达的。

The narrative method of "Historical Records" is basically an objective narrative of a third person.As a narrator, Sima Qian was almost completely standing out of the incident. Only in the final "Large praise" part, he appeared directly as a commentator and expressed his views.This method provides a vast room for narrative and setting scenarios.However, the so -called objective narrative does not contain the author's position and tendency, but it is not revealed.Through the development of historical events, the comparison of different characters in their historical activities actually reflects the emotional tendency of narrator.This is what predecessors said "derogation in narrative."This kind of non -revealed praise is conveyed by literary infection.

《史记》在人物形象塑造方面，具有数量众多、类型丰富、个性较鲜明三大特点。它以大量的个人传记组合成一部宏伟的历史

In terms of character image creation, "Historical Records" has three characteristics: a large number, rich type, and clear personality.It is combined with a large number of personal biography into a magnificent history

《史记》的语言艺术，也历来受到人们的推崇，被尊为典范，代表了骈文出现以前所谓“古文”的最高成就。

The language art of "Historical Records" has always been respected by people, and has been honored as a model, representing the highest achievement of the so -called "ancient text" in the past.

从战国诸子的文章、纵横家的游说之辞，到汉代一些代表性作家如邹阳、枚乘、贾谊等人的散文，可以看到铺张排比被作为一种普遍的手段。司马迁在吸取前人经验的基础上，抛弃了铺张排比，形成淳朴简洁、疏宕从容、变化多端、通俗流畅的散文风格。《史记》中极少用骈俪句法，文句看起来似乎是不太经意的，偶尔甚至有些语病，却很有韵致、很有生气。因为司马迁在叙述中始终是倾注情感的，根据不同的场面，出于不同的心情，语调有时短截急促，有时疏缓从容，有时沉重，有时轻快，有时幽默，有时庄肃，具有很强的感染力。

From the articles of the Warring States Period, the lobbying of the family, to the prose of some representative writers in the Han Dynasty such as Zou Yang, Mei Cheng, Jia Yi, etc., you can see that the eclipse is a common means.Based on the experience of the predecessor , Sima Qian abandoned the paving row ratio, forming a simple, simple, relaxed, changeable, and smooth prose style.In the "Historical Records", it rarely uses a sentence. The text seems to be unsatisfactory. Occasionally, there are even some diseases, but they are very rhyme and angry.Because Sima Qian has always devoted emotions in the narrative. According to different scenes, due to different moods, the tone is sometimes short -cut, sometimes calm and calm, sometimes light, sometimes humorous, sometimes Zhuang Su, with a strong one with a strong one.Infectious power.

司马迁对古代语言和现实生活中的语言都有很高的修养，并且善于把两者融合成统一的整体。

Sima Qian has high cultivation of ancient languages and language in real life, and is good at integrating the two into a unified whole.

2.简要介绍一下魏晋时期的南朝民歌和北朝民歌，并将两者进行比较。

2. Briefly introduce the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasty folk songs during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and compare the two.

南朝民歌盛于南北朝时间，在中国文学史上留下了华彩的一章。南朝民歌大部分保存在(宋)郭茂倩所编《乐府诗集·清商曲辞》里，主要有吴歌与西曲两类。北朝民歌是指南北朝时期北方文人所创作的作品，其内容丰富，语言质朴，风格粗犷豪迈。南北朝民歌都是对当时的社会生活的真实反映。南北朝民歌都以五言一句为主。南北朝民歌继承了乐府民歌的特点，篇幅短小，文字清新洗练、清丽自然，语言高度凝练，言简意赅，意蕴丰富，通俗晓畅，且抒情多于为事。南北朝民歌有很多相同特征，但是由于南北朝存在着明显的差异，因而南北朝民歌也呈现出不同的情调与风格。下面进行具体分析:

In the Southern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern and Southern Dynasties left a chapter of Huacai in the history of Chinese literature.Most of the Southern Dynasties folk songs were stored in (Song) Guo Maoqian's "Lefang Poetry Collection · Qing Shang Song", mainly Wu Ge and Xicou.The Northern Dynasties folk songs are the works created by northern literati during the Northern Dynasties. They have rich content, simple language, rough and bold style.The folk songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties were a true reflection of the social life at that time.The folk songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties are based on five words.The folk songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties inherited the characteristics of the folk songs of Lefu. The length is short.There are many the same characteristics in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but because there are obvious differences in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the folk songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties also show different moods and styles.The following analysis is performed:

第一，从现存数量上看，南朝民歌的数量远比北朝民歌多。南朝民歌绝大多数是情歌，而北朝民歌虽然数量不多，但内容却广泛地反映了社会生活的各个方面。北朝民歌的题材既有反映爱情、婚姻的，又有反映北方民族的人文风格、性格气质的，也有反映战争和羁旅行役的。简言之，北朝民歌内容比南朝民歌内容更丰富。北朝民歌中反映爱情、婚姻生活的民歌的语言不同与南朝民歌的深婉缠绵、清新艳丽，它们是坦率直截的，符合北朝人民豪迈的性格特点。即，南朝民歌曲而柔，北朝民歌直而刚。南朝民歌清丽缠绵，宛转回环，富有节奏感;北朝民歌则坦率直截、质朴、粗犷、豪迈而刚健。

First, from the perspective of the existing number, the number of folk songs in the Southern Dynasty is far more than that of the Northern Dynasties.Most folk songs in the Southern Dynasties are love songs, and although the number of folk songs in the Northern Dynasty is not large, the content is widely reflected in all aspects of social life.The themes of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties include not only reflecting love, marriage, but also the humanistic style and personality temperament of the northern nation, and some reflect war and travel service.In short, the content of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties is richer than the content of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties.The language of folk songs reflecting love and marriage and life in the Northern Dynasty is different from the deep and freshened and freshened folk songs of the Southern Dynasties. They are straightforward and in line with the characteristics of the people of the people of the Northern Dynasties.That is, the songs of the Southern Dynasties are soft, and the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are straightforward.The folk songs of the Southern Dynasties were clear and fell back to the ring, full of rhythm; the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties were frank, simple, rough, bold and healthy.

3.《人间喜剧》的社会意义及文学成就。

3. The social significance and literary achievements of "Earth Comedy".

《人间喜剧》里给我们提供了一部法国‘社会,特别是巴黎‘上流社会,的卓越的现实主义历史,他用编年史的方式几乎逐年地把上升的资产阶级在1816年至1848年这一时期对贵族社会日甚一日的冲击描写出来。巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》以高瞻远瞩的历史目光，从研究客观世界的宏观出发，洞悉整个法兰西政治、经济、思想、道德以及历史发展的总趋势，达到一般作家所达不到的深度和广度。

"Earth Comedy" provides us with a French 'society, especially Paris' high society, and the outstanding realist history. He uses the chronological history to almost year the rising bourgeoisie from 1816 to 1848.The impact of the noble society day was described in one period.Balzak's "Earth Comedy" with a long -term historical attention, from the macro of the objective world, understanding the general trend of the entire French politics, economic, thought, morality, and historical development, to achieve the depth and breadth that the average writer cannot reachEssence

4.简答俄国文学当中的四大多余人形象，并对多余人形象进行简要分析。

4. A brief answer to the image of more than four people in Russian literature, and briefly analyze the image of the extra person.

“多余人”是十九世纪俄国文学作品中贵族知识分子的形象，主要产生于二十至五十年代的俄国贵族革命时期。当时，一些受过西方资产阶级启蒙思想的影响，具有较高天赋和才华的贵族知识分子，既不满上流社会的腐烂，愤世嫉俗，又无力与本阶级决裂;既有朦胧的追求，希望有所作为，又脱离人民，远离革命，结果，在碌碌无为中虚度一生，成为“既非孔雀，又非乌鸦”的“多余人”。这些“多余人”形象不仅是十九世纪前半期俄国文学的中心主人公，而且是世界批判现实主义文学中的重要角色，是世界文学画廊中的珍品。

"Surgery" is the image of aristocratic intellectuals in Russian literary works in the 19th century, mainly during the Russian noble revolution in the 1920s and 1950s.At that time, some aristocratic intellectuals who had been affected by the enlightenment of Western bourgeoisiers and had high talents and talents were not satisfied with the rot, cynical, and unable to break with this class; they had a hazy pursuit, hoping to make a difference.Also separated from the people and stayed away from the revolution. As a result, in the life of inaction, he became the "extra person" of "neither peacock nor crow".These "extra people" images are not only the central protagonist of Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century, but also an important role in the world criticism of realistic literature, and a treasure in the world's literary galleries.

“多余人”系列形象:

"Surgery" series image:

1.普希金《叶甫盖尼。奥涅金》:奥涅金是俄国文学史上第一个“多余人”形象。

1. Pushkin "Yefu Gini.Oneskin: Oneskin is the first "extra person" image in the history of Russian literature.

2.莱蒙托夫《当代英雄》:毕巧林

2. Lemontov "Contemporary Heroes": Bi Qiaolin

3.赫尔岑《谁之罪》:别尔托夫

3. Herzen "Who's Sin": Boltov

4.屠格涅夫《罗亭》:罗亭

4. Turgenev's "Luoting": Luoting

5.《贵族之家》:拉夫列茨基

5. "Noble House": Rafletzki

6.冈察洛夫《奥勃洛摩夫》:奥勃洛摩夫

6. Gambolov "Obelomov": Obolomov

四、论述(每题15分，1个小题。)

4. Discuss (15 points per question, 1 small question.)

任选一题作答，不得少于300字

Answer a question, not less than 300 words

1.赏析苏轼的《江城子》:

1. Appreciate Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi":

十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘。千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。

Ten years of life and death are vast, not thinking, unforgettable.Thousands of miles of lonely graves, there is nowhere to talk about desolate.Even if the meeting should be unknown, the dust is full of face, and it is like frost.

夜来幽梦忽还乡，小轩窗，正梳妆。相顾无言，惟有泪千行。料得年年肠断处，明月夜，短松岗。

Ye Lai You Meng suddenly returned to his hometown, Xiaoxuan window, dressing up.Without words, only tears have thousands of lines.It is expected that the intestinal breaks are expected to be, the moon night, short pine post.

2.结合自身体验对王国维在《人间词话》中提出的人生三境界进行解释，要求有自己的见解。

2. Combining his own experience to explain the three realms of life proposed in the "Words of the World" and require your own opinions.

“昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼，望尽天涯路。”此第一境也。

"Last night, the west wind was withered. On the high -rise building, I looked at the end of the world." This first realm also.

“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。”此第二境也。

"The belt is gradually wider and never regrets it, and I am stunned for Yi." This second realm also.

“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。”此第三境也。

"Looking back at him thousands of hundreds, he looked back, but the man was in the mountains." The third realm also.

这首词的表现艺术却另具特色。这首词是“记梦”，而且明确写了做梦的日子。我们确认作者的“梦”是真实的，不是假托的。说是“记梦”，其实只有下片五句是记梦境，其他都是抒胸臆，诉悲怀的。写得真挚朴素，沉痛感人。开头三句，单刀直入，概括性强，感人至深。如果是活着分手，即使山遥水阔，世事茫茫，总有重新晤面的希望;而今是隔着生死的界线，死者对人间世是茫然无知了，而活的对逝者呢，不也是同样的吗?恩爱夫妻，撒手永诀，时间倏忽，转瞬十年。人虽云亡，而过去美好的情景“自难忘”呵!可是为什么在“自难忘”之上加了“不思量”?这不显得有点矛盾吗?然而并不，相反是觉得加得好，因为它真实。王弗逝世这十年间，东坡因反对王安石的新法，在政治上受压制，心境是悲愤的;到密州后，又逢凶年，忙于处理政务，生活上困苦到食杞菊以维持的地步，而且继室王润之(王弗堂妹)及儿子均在身边，哪能年年月月，朝朝暮暮都把逝世已久的妻子老记挂心间呢?不是经常悬念，但决不是已经忘却!十年忌辰，正是触动人心的日子，往事蓦然来到心间，久蓄心怀的情感潜流，忽如闸门大开，奔腾澎湃而不可遏止。如是乎有梦，是真实而又自然的。想到爱侣的死，感慨万千，远隔千里，无处可以话凄凉，话说得沉痛。如果坟墓近在身边，隔着生死，就能话凄凉了吗?这是抹煞了生死界线的痴语，情语，所以觉得格外感动人。

The expression of this word is different. This word is "remembering dreams" and clearly wrote the day of dreaming. We confirm that the author's "dream" is real, not fake. It is "remembering dreams". In fact, only five sentences in the next film are memorizing dreams, and others are expressing their chests and complaints. Written is sincere, simple, and touching. In the first three sentences, a single knife went straight, and the generality was strong and touching. If you break up alive, even if the mountains are wide and the world is vast, there is always a hope of re -meeting; and now it is the boundary between life and death. The deceased is ignorant of the world. Is it a loving couple? Although people are dead, and the beautiful scenes in the past are "unforgettable"! But why did you add "unforgettable" on the "unforgettable"? Isn't this a bit contradictory? Because it is true. During the ten years of Wang Fu's death, Dongpo was politically suppressed because of opposition to Wang Anshi's new law, and his mood was sad and angry. And the room Wang Runzhi (Wang Fu's cousin) and his son are around. How can he hang up with the long -lost wives who died? Ten years of avoiding Chen is a day of touching people's hearts. The past came to my heart. If you have dreams, it is true and natural. Thinking of the death of a loved ones, there are thousands of emotions, thousands of miles away, there is nowhere to be desolate, and the words are painful. If the grave is close to it, can it be desolate across the life and death? This is the infatuation of the life and death line of life and death.

“纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜”这三个长短句，又把现实与梦幻混同了起来，把死别后的个人种种忧愤，包括在容颜的苍老，形体的衰败之中，这时他才四十岁，已经“鬓如霜”了，明明她辞别人世已经十年之久了，却要“纵使相逢”，要爱侣起死回生，这是不可能的假设，感情是深沉的也是悲痛的，表现了对爱侣的深切怀念，也把个人的变化做了形象的描绘，使这首词的意义更加深了一层。对“记梦”来说，下片的头五句，才入了题。飘泊在外，雪泥鸿爪，凭借梦幻的翅膀忽然回到了时在念中的故乡。故乡与爱侣共度甜蜜岁月的地方，那小室的窗前，亲切而又熟悉，她呢，情态容貌，依稀当年，正在梳妆打扮。夫妻相见了，没有出现久别重逢、卿卿我我的亲昵之态，而是“相顾无言，唯有泪千行”!“无言”，包括了万语千言，表现了“此时无声胜有声”的沉痛之感，如此彼此申诉各自的别后种种，相忆相怜，那将从何说起?一个梦，把过去拉了回来，但当年的美好情景，并不存在。

"Even if you don't know each other, the dust is full, the face is full of frost", the three long and short sentences have mixed reality with dreams, and the personal anger after death, including the old age, the decline of the body, this is the decline of the body. This is the decline of the body. This At that time, he was only forty years old, and he was "like frost". Obviously she had resigned for ten years, but she had to "meet each other", and loved ones to live back. This is an impossible hypothesis. Sadness shows the deep nostalgia of the lovers, and also depicts the image of personal changes, making the meaning of this word deeper. For "Remembering Dreams", the first five sentences of the next film have been in the question. With the wandering, Xue Nihong claws suddenly returned to the hometown in the chant with dreamy wings. The hometown and my lovers spend the sweet years together. In front of the window of the small room, she is kind and familiar. She, her appearance, faintly, is dressing up. The husband and wife met each other, and there was no long -term reunion, Qingqing, my intimacy, but "without words, only tears"! "Speechless", including Wanyou thousands of words, showing "silentness at this time" The feeling of pain, so that each other complained to each other, and memories of each other, where will it start with a dream and pull the past back, but the beautiful scenes of that year did not exist.

这是把现实的感受溶入了梦中，使这个梦境也令人感到无限凄凉。结尾三句，又从梦境落到现实上来。“明月夜，短松冈”，多么凄清幽独的环境呵。作者料想长眠地下的爱侣，在年年伤逝的这个日子，为了眷恋人世、难舍亲人，该是柔肠寸断了吧?这种表现手法，有点象杜工部的名作《月夜》。不说自己如何，反说对方如何，使得诗词意味，更加蕴蓄有味。

This is to dissolve the real feelings into the dream, making this dream feel infinitely desolate.At the end of three sentences, from dreams to reality."Mingyue Night, Short Songgang", what a quiet and unique environment.The author expected that the lover who sleeps underground. On the day when he died every year, in order to love the life and the loved ones, it should be a soft intestine? This expression is a bit like the masterpiece of the Ministry of Industry Du Gong.Don't talk about what you do, and how to talk about the other party, make the poetic meaning and more interesting.

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